A autorização de residência para atividade de investimento

A República Portuguesa é parte da Convenção Europeia dos Direitos do Homem na qual se consagra que o gozo de todo e qualquer direito previsto na lei deve ser garantido sem discriminação alguma em razão nomeadamente da riqueza não podendo qualquer pessoa ser objeto de discriminação por parte de qualquer autoridade pública. Não obstante o teor da Convenção, o regime jurídico português de entrada, permanência, saída e afastamento de estrangeiros do território nacional veio consagrar o regime jurídico de autorização de residência para atividade de investimento, regime este que consagra a admissibilidade legal da concessão de uma autorização de residência fundada no cumprimento de requisitos quantitativos mínimos de investimento em território nacional. O instituto em questão assume uma particular importância porquanto uma vez concedida a autorização de residência temporária poderá seguir-se-lhe a atribuição de residência permanente e, cumpridos, por sua vez, os requisitos da Lei da Nacionalidade, poderá ser atribuída a nacionalidade portuguesa ao cidadão estrangeiro ou apátrida pelas autoridades administrativas competentes. Por força do Tratado sobre o Funcionamento da União Europeia, à cidadania nacional acresce a cidadania da União Europeia com os inerentes direitos de circulação e livre permanência em todos os Estados Membros da União Europeia. Proceder-se-á, pelo presente estudo, a uma análise da “autorização de residência” e à sua distinção de figuras afins, a que se seguirá a análise da autorização de residência para atividade de investimento propriamente dita, também conhecida por vistos gold, a evolução legislativa do regime jurídico respetivo, o tipo de atividades elegíveis, a interpretação da Comissão de Acesso aos Documentos Administrativos no que concerne ao acesso a informação constante de autorizações de residência concedidas e ao Manual de Procedimentos do Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras e Relatório da Inspeção Geral da Administração Interna, o confronto com outros ordenamentos jurídicos e a sua natureza jurídica.The Portuguese Republic is a party to the European Convention on Human Rights which provides that the enjoyment of all and any rights provided for by law must be guaranteed without any discrimination on grounds of wealth and no person may be discriminated against by any public authority. Notwithstanding the contents of the Convention, the legal regime of entry, stay, departure and removal of foreign nationals from the national territory has enshrined the legal regime of residence permit for investment activities, which establishes the legal admissibility of the granting of a residence permit based on the fulfillment of minimum quantitative requirements of investment in the national territory. The institute in question is of a particular importance because once the temporary residence permit has been granted it may be granted a permanent residence permit and, in turn, and once complying with the requirements of the Nationality Law, Portuguese nationality may be awarded to the foreign citizen or to a Stateless person, by the competent administrative authorities. Under the Treaty of Functioning of the European Union, national citizenship adds to the citizenship of the European Union with the inherent rights of movement and free residence in all Member States of the European Union. The present study we will analyze the “residence permit” and its distinction of related figures, followed by the analysis of the residence permit for activity of investment, also known as golden visa, the legislative evolution of the respective legal regime, the type of eligible activities, the interpretation of the Committee on Access to Administrative Documents in relation to access of information contained in residence permits granted and the Procedure Manual of Foreign Affairs and Borders Office and the Report of the General Inspection of Internal Administration, confrontation with other legal systems and their legal nature

Nível crítico de ataque das infestantes na cultura do feijão

Dissertação de mestrado em Agronomia. Instituto Politécnico de Beja. Escola Superior Agrária, 2014Pretende-se com este trabalho determinar o período imediatamente anterior do nível crítico de ataque (NCA) das plantas infestantes em feijoeiros submetidos a condições de défice hídrico, utilizando duas abordagens: o nível arbitrário de 5% de perda na produtividade e o nível de tolerância (NT). O ensaio foi conduzido numa parcela cedida pelo COTR-Centro Operativo e de Tecnologia de Regadio, utilizando a variedade de feijão Manata (Fidalgo Anão). Os tratamentos experimentais foram constituídos por cinco períodos de convivência da cultura com as infestantes: 15, 30, 45, 60 dias após a emergência (DAE) e à colheita e mais uma testemunha sem infestantes do início ao fim do ciclo. Adoptou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos causalizados, com quatro repetições. Os níveis críticos de ataque determinados foram de 10 dias para um nível aceitável de 5% de redução arbitrária na produtividade e de 9 dias de competição com as infestantes utilizando o nível de tolerância (NT) que foi de 4.3%, em condições de deficiência hídrica

Combined pretreatment by ultrasound and struvite precipitation of raw substrates: a strategy to overcome C/N ratio unbalance in nitrogen-rich anaerobic co-digestion systems

The present study aimed to optimize the struvite chemical precipitation process in nitrogen-rich anaerobic co-digestion systems. Struvite precipitation experiments were carried out using a mixture of cattle slurry liquid fraction and sewage sludge, with and without ultrasound pretreatment. Marine salt or MgCl2 were used as magnesium source in NH4+:Mg2+ stoichiometric proportions of 1:1.5 and 1:3. Under the tested conditions, ammonium nitrogen and orthophosphate were removed from the mixed liquor with a maximum observed efficiency of 43% and 92%, respectively, when the ultrasound treatment was applied prior to struvite precipitation, using MgCl2 as source of magnesium (NH4+:Mg2+ of 1:3). The operating time was 40 min. Different pretreatments were tested prior to the biomethanization experiments, struvite precipitation, ultrasound, or a combination of both pretreatments. The application of ultrasound (with an energy input of 218 kJ L?1) and struvite precipitation (NH4+:Mg2+ of 1:3) increased the methane content in the biogas by 82% and reduced hydraulic retention time by 28%, when compared to the anaerobic co-digestion assays without pretreatment. The hydrolytic pretreatment increased the bioavailability of nitrogen by 5%, thus enhancing the removal efficiency of ammonium nitrogen by 20%. Consequently, an increase in the carbon to nitrogen ratio was observed, favoring the methanogenesis process.This research was funded by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq—Brazil) grant number GDE 201469/2014-6, which is gratefully acknowledged.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Spatially explicit model for anaerobic co‐digestion facilities location and pre‐dimensioning considering spatial distribution of resource supply and biogas yield in northwest Portugal

The high volumes of animal manure and sewage sludge, as a consequence of the development of intensive and specialized cattle dairy farms in peri-urban areas, pose challenges to local environmental quality and demands for systems innovation. Besides these negative impacts, energy recovery from biogas produced in anaerobic co-digestion processes should contribute to local sustainable development. This research considers technical data obtained from the optimization of biomethanization processes using sewage sludge and cattle manure liquid fraction, aiming to develop a spatially explicit model including multicriteria evaluation and an analytical hierarchy process to locate biogas production facilities, allocate energy resources and consider biogas unit pre-dimensioning analysis. According to the biophysical conditions and socioeconomic dynamics of the study area (Vila do Conde, Northwest Portugal), a spatially explicit model using multicriteria and multiobjective techniques allowed the definition of suitable locations, as well as the allocation of resources and support pre-dimensioning of biogas facilities. A p-median model allowed us to allocate resources and pre-dimensioning biogas facilities according to distance and accessibility elements. The results indicate: (i) the location of areas with adequate environmental conditions and socioeconomic suitability advantages to install biogas production facilities, and (ii) the ability to compare the options of centralized or distributed location alternatives and associated pre-dimensioning.This research was funded by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq Brazil), grant number GDE 201469/2014‐6.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Biotratamento de vinhaça sintética e geração de eletricidade utilizando uma célula a combustível microbiana

Avanços Científicos e Tecnológicos em BioprocessosO Brasil é um dos maiores produtores de etanol no mundo, no entanto, durante o processo de obtenção deste combustível, elevadas quantidades de vinhaça são geradas, em média, para cada litro de etanol produzido são gerados 13 litros deste resíduo. A vinhaça possui propriedades físicas e químicas que podem desencadear efeitos nocivos à biota, deste modo, existe um interesse crescente em identificar novas tecnologias para o seu tratamento. A utilização de células a combustível microbianas (CCMs) apresenta um enorme potencial, uma vez que, pode promover simultaneamente o tratamento deste resíduo e a biogeração de energia elétrica, pela conversão da energia química disponível nesses substratos biodegradáveis diretamente em eletricidade, por meio da ação catalítica de bactérias eletrogênicas aderidas ao eletrodo. Neste contexto, o presente estudo avaliou a utilização de uma CCM de câmara dupla no tratamento de vinhaça sintética. Durante a operação deste reator foi detectada uma máxima densidade de potência de 330 mW·m-2 e uma redução na demanda química de oxigênio (DQO) em 58,8% após 28 dias. Diante destes resultados preliminares, a tecnologia CCM pode ser considerada promissora no tratamento da vinhaça, contudo, estudos a respeito da configuração, tipo de inóculo e formas de operação da CCM são necessários para que amplie sua eficiência.Brazil is one of the largest producers of ethanol in the world, however, during the process of obtaining ethanol, high quantities of vinasse are generated, on average, for each liter of ethanol produced, 13 liters of this residue is generated. Vinasse has physical and chemical properties that can trigger harmful effects on biota, so there is a growing interest in identifying new technologies for its treatment. The use of microbial fuel cells (CCMs) presents a very high potential, since it can simultaneously promote the treatment of this residue and the biogeneration of electric energy, by converting the available chemical energy in these biodegradable substrates and directly into electricity, by means of the action of electrogenic bacteria adhered to the electrode. In this context, the present study evaluated the use of a double chamber CCM in the treatment of synthetic vinasse. During the operation of this reactor, a maximum power density of 330 mW m-2 and a reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) was detected at 58.8% after 28 days. Considering these preliminary results, CCM technology may be considered promising in the treatment of vinasse, however, studies regarding the configuration, type of inoculum and forms of CCM operation are necessary to increase its efficiency.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Predictive value of a positive stress single-photon emission computed tomography or stress cardiac magnetic resonance for ruling in obstructive coronary artery disease in a real-world setting

Introduction and objectives: Randomized controlled trials comparing stress cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) suggest similar diagnostic accuracy for detecting obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). There are few data on whether this remains true in routine clinical practice. The aim of this study was to assess clinical and angiographic characteristics of patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography (ICA) after stress CMR or SPECT, and to compare their positive predictive value with published results from the CE-MARC trial. Methods: In this retrospective tertiary-center analysis, we included 429 patients undergoing ICA after a positive stress CMR or positive SPECT performed within the previous 12 months. Obstructive CAD was defined as any coronary artery stenosis ≥50% in a vessel compatible with the ischemic territory on stress testing. Results: Of the total 429 patients, 356 (83%) were referred after a positive SPECT, and 73 (17%) after a positive stress CMR. Patients did not differ according to age, cardiovascular risk factors, previous revascularization or left ventricular dysfunction, but patients with SPECT were more frequently male (p=0.046). The prevalence of obstructive CAD was similar in patients with positive SPECT vs. positive stress CMR (76.1% vs. 80.8%, respectively, p=0.385). The positive predictive values of both techniques were similar to those reported in the CE-MARC trial. Conclusion: In this tertiary center analysis, stress CMR and SPECT showed similar positive predictive values, comparable to those reported in the CE-MARC trial. This finding supports the emerging adoption of CMR in clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of CAD.publishersversionpublishe

Morocco environmental performance reviews

In 1993, Environmental Performance Reviews (EPRs) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) were initiated at the second Environment for Europe Ministerial Conference, in Lucerne, Switzerland. They were intended to cover the ECE member States that are not members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Subsequently, the ECE Committee on Environmental Policy decided to make them part of its regular programme. Since then, the Ministers affirmed their support for the EPR Programme, and decided in 2003 that the Programme should continue with a second cycle of reviews, and lately they formally endorsed the third cycle of reviews in 2011. Through the peer review process, EPRs also promote dialogue among ECE member States and the harmonization of environmental conditions and policies throughout the region. As a voluntary exercise, an EPR is undertaken only at the request of the country concerned. The studies are carried out by international teams of experts from the region working closely with national experts from the reviewed country. The teams also benefit from close cooperation with other organizations in the United Nations system, for instance the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), as well as with the European Environment Agency (EEA), World Health Organization (WHO) and other organizations. In 2010, the Government of Morocco requested ECE to conduct an EPR of Morocco. Although Morocco is not part of the ECE region, the ECE Committee on Environmental Policy agreed to carry out the environmental performance review of this country. This is the first EPR conducted by ECE beyond its region. In this regard, ECE sought the cooperation of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), which confirmed its willingness to cooperate in the implementation of the EPR process through its Sub-Regional Office for North Africa. This is the EPR of Morocco published by ECE. This EPR also covers 13 issues of importance to the country related to policymaking, planning and implementation, the financing of environmental policies and projects, and the integration of environmental concerns into economic sectors, in particular agriculture, energy, health, industry, biodiversity and protected areas, water and waste management. The Morocco review was notable as it is the first country outside the region to request an EPR from ECE, and the process was undertaken in cooperation with the ECA. I hope that this EPR will be useful in supporting policymakers and representatives of civil society in their efforts to improve environmental management and to further promote sustainable development in Morocco, and that the lessons learned from the peer review process will also benefit other countries of the ECE and ECA regions.peer-reviewe

revista do Mestrado em Teorias da arte da Faculdade de Belas Artes da Universidade de Lisboa

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Microbial fuel cell-induced production of fungal laccase to degrade the anthraquinone dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R

The anthraquinone dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R is largely used in the textile industry. However, its removal from wastewaters is costly and complex. Many methods have been tested to solve this ecological problem, but there is still a need for efficient methods. We propose here an alternative use of a two-chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC), fuelled with domestic wastewater in the anodic chamber, to degrade a simulated textile dye effluent made of Remazol Brilliant Blue R inoculated with an immobilised fungal strain, Pleurotus ostreatus URM 4809, as a laccase producer, in the cathodic chamber. The MFC showed continuous synthesis of laccase in the cathodic chamber, which, in turn, promoted the rapid decolourisation, of more than 86\% of the textile dye effluent. The yield was further increased by the addition of glycerol. Electrochemical monitoring also indicated an increase in power density and current density. After 20 days of MFC operation, 62.1\\% of organic matter was removed in the anodic compartment, thus leaving the effluent with a much lower toxicity.Authors would like to acknowledge the technician and fnancial support of Programa Novos Talentos provided by the Instituto de Pesquisa Tecnológica do Estado de São Paulo (IPT) and Instituto de Estudos Avançados do Mar (IEAMar).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio